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Morfologické změny a změny v produkci biomasy u krytokořenných semenáčků buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) po výsevu naklíčených bukvic
Skuhrová, Eliška
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of different conditions and sprouts damage during sowing of germinated beechnuts on emergence, biomass production and morphological parameters of containerized planting stock of European beech. According to the condition of the sprouts, the beech seedlings were sorted into six variants (small white sprout, large brown sprout, broken sprout, two sprouts, abnormal germination) and then sown to container. To determine the impact of germinated beechnuts, they were gradually sown into the container after different length of storage in the cooler at an average temperature of +0.7 °C. According to the results, it follows that the seedlings grown from beechnuts with an undamaged small white sprout had a significantly higher emergence rate than the seedlings that were grown from beechnuts that were sown ungerminating or whose sprouts were damaged during sowing. The type and length of the beech sprout has also an effect on the morphological parameters, especially on the shape of root collar of the seedlings. No disturbance of the architecture of the root system (root collar) was recorded in the seedlings that emerged from unsprouted beechnuts or the beechnuts with broken sprouts. On the contrary, significant deformations of the root system were recorded in the case of seedlings grown from sprouted beechnuts with small white sprout, large brown sprout or two sprouts. It can therefore be stated as a rule that the smaller sprout the beechnuts will have at sowing, the smaller the risk of deformation of the root system (root collar). Furthermore, it was found that the storage of beechnuts in a cooler does not have a negative effect on the subsequent germinations of the plants. A significant effect of the storage time of beechnuts on the morphological parameters of the seedlings was not recorded. However, it follows from the research that the sowing of beechnut should be carried out in time, so that the plants create the most optimal parameters in the growing season. Thanks to these procedures, it will fulfil the conditions of standardized planting material given by the standard ČSN 48 2115 (2012).
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Function of the Tetratrico-peptide Thioredoxin-Like (TTL) gene family in root system development
Xin, Pengfei ; Soukup, Aleš (advisor) ; Vaňková, Radomíra (referee) ; Ovečka, Miroslav (referee)
The root system performs fundamental plant functions such as uptake of nutrients and water, anchoring in the substrate, and interacting with the rhizosphere abiotic and biotic interactions, playing an important role in meeting the food security needs of today's world. Lateral roots (LR) are essential components of the plant root system. We have identified the TETRATRICOPEPTIDE-REPEAT THIOREDOXIN- LIKE 3 (TTL3) gene as being related to LR emergence and later development. Loss-of-function of TTL3 results in a reduced number of emerging LRs due to delayed development of lateral root primordia (LRP). In the Arabidopsis TTL gene family, except for TTL2 which was specifically involved in male gametophyte development, the expressions of the other three TTLs (TTL1, TTL3 and TTL4) were all related to root growth and development. The temporal and spatial distribution of TTL3 expression was consistent with its role in LR growth preceding and following LRP emergence. In the subcellular localization of TTL1, TTL2 and TTL3, all were shown to be associated with microtubules during the transient transformation of tobacco leaves, and TTL3 was confirmed to interact with microtubules. TTL3 was also associated with the endomembrane system and was known to be interacting with the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway....
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The role of gene AHL20 in initiation and development of lateral roots.
Svobodová, Barbora ; Soukup, Aleš (advisor) ; Růžička, Kamil (referee)
Members of the AHL (AT-hook motif nuclear-localized) gene family have been found in all sequenced plant land species, hence a link between divergence of AHL genes and colonization of terrestrial environments by plants is assumed. One of the adaptations of plants to the terrestrial environment was the development of a root system. Currently there is only a few information about the possible function of AHL genes in root system establishment and development. A typical characteristic of AHL genes is the presence of an AT-hook motif and a highly conserved PPC domain. Many studies have confirmed the involvement of AHL genes in a wide range of plant processes. They are potentially strong regulators of transcription at different levels. They function as transcription factors, interact with other transcription factors through the PPC domain, and are capable of chromatin remodeling through histone modifications. We selected candidate genes based on publicly available transcriptomic data: AHL18, AHL19, AHL20, AHL21, AHL22, AHL23, AHL27, and AHL28 with predicted function in root formation and development. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate possible involvement of AHL genes in lateral root development. For AHL19, AHL20, AHL21, AHL23, AHL27, and AHL28, we examined transcription rates at the root...
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Hodnocení produkční schopnosti jitrocele kopinatého pro pícní využití
Valigurová, Jana
Dycotyledonous herbs for forage use are more often being used in agriculture. This diploma thesis focuses on one of the variants, namely ribwort plantain, which is considered a high-quality fodder and whose main feature is the ability to withstand abiotic stresses and provide high forage production even in the dry season. With the increasing frequency of drier periods, ribwort plantain has got great potential to become a more grown crop. Therefore were cultivated varieties of ribwort plantain, which provide higher yields and are more resistant to adverse climatic conditions than common flatweed type. The practical part of this work is divided into two parts. The first part of the experiment was grown in sand rolls, where the production of rootstock biomass of ribwort plantain (cv. Tonic) was compared with four other species: chicory (cv. Puna II), red clover (cv. Callisto), festuca arundinacea (cv. Kora) and alfalfa (cv. Zuzana). This experiment was set up in September 2019 and the total lenght of vegetation was 69 days, the experiment was fertilized twice during the vegetation. Leaves heights of all species were written down during the vegetation. After the end of the vegetation there was evaluated total lenght of the roots, the maximum depth of the roots and the length of the roots based on their thickness. These parameters were evaluated via WinRHIZO program. The maximum of root depth (18,2 cm) and root length in total (2 032 cm) were demonstrated for Tonic plantain. The second part of the experiment focused on the evaluation of the production capacity and the production of the root biomass of ribwort plantain took place on experimental plots at the Forage station in Vatín. This experiment was set up in June 2019 in three variants, where three following species where sown: ribwort plantain (cv. Libor), chicory and a mixture of plantain, chicory, cocksfoot, perennial ryegrass, meadow fescue, Kentucky blue grass, timothy, white clover, birdsfoot trefoil. A statistically significant difference was found only in the dry matter yield and the dry matter content, where lower values were written down for plantain Libor than for the grass mixture (dry matter yield lower by 0,45 t.ha-1, dry matter content in the first mowing lower by 5,06 %, in the second mowing lower by 2,22 %). There was also evaluated the content of crude protein (15,87 %) and fibre (ADF 22,58 % and NDF 26,77 %). In the spring 2020 was evaluated the production of root biomass like in the first part of the experiment using the WinRHIZO program. In plantain Libor there was found higher density of rooting in the upper layer of the soil (10,2 cm.cm-3) than in chicory (3,1 cm.cm-3).
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Stress induced morphogenic response in plant root system
Otradovcová, Michala ; Soukup, Aleš (advisor) ; Vaňková, Radomíra (referee)
The root system architecture adjustment is one of the possible plant reactions to stress effects of environmental conditions. The shape of root system is jointly formed by the root apical meristem activity, the rate of elongation of root cells and by the degree of formation, developement and organization of secondary and adventitious roots. This paper aims to describe basic mechanisms of the root system developement and outline the morphological and regulatory changes occuring during development while being affected by selected stress factors.
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Vliv biotechniky sadby na odrůstání krytokořenného sadebního materiálu
Nedomanský, Daniel
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different plantation biotechnics on growth of Scots pine and pedunculate oak containerized planting stock. Both types of planting stock were grown to the same technology type used plantpot QUICK POT D 60 T/12 and 15. Monitoring was carried out by two research areas that have different soil conditions. It was a sandy soil and ground water affected. These areas were located in the Hradec Králové region. We tested following plantation biotechnics: hole planting, planting spade, planting fork, planting thorn and planting stick. It was also monitored overlaps the root ball of a layer of mineral soil. The evaluation was carried out by one growing season after planting. Plant mortality, parameters of above-ground plants part, damage of biotic and abiotic factors, plants vitality and especially root system were monitored. Based on the evaluation of these observations and measurements it has been found which plantation biotechnics are appropriate or not unsuitable for the growing of planting stocks, depending on site soil conditions. The outcome of this work is an overall assessment of individual planting biotechnics and recommendations that the most suitable planting biotechnics for reforestation from above-mentioned planting stock is planting hole.
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Posouzení stavu vegetačního doprovodu a návrh úprav na příkladu říčky Veverky
Jiráková, Jana
This research describes the state of the shore and accompanying vegetation in the concerned area. It assess the vital state of this vegetatition accompaniment and evaluates its functions. It focuses on the autochthonous vegetation, its effect on the assessed area from the potential bio-corridor formation point of view. For this purpose, the QBR river quality index, was used. It is a summarizing index of four areas where were used the positive and negative assessment corrections. For the assessment in the field, the locality of the river Veverka situated close to Brno city was chosen. This area of interest was divided into seven partial sections that were furhter assessed. Detailed knowledge of the area was used for the QBR evaluation method. From the accessible results, positive and negative values of the assessed area are evident. To eliminate the negative, the proposal for the vegetation accompaniment for specific areas is followed. Recommendation of appropriate autochthonous shore and accompanying vegetation. Utilization of the possibility of stabilizing effect of root systems in the shore zone.
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Účinek interakce deficitní výživy a výskytu bakterióz na růst a vývoj rostlin rajčete jedlého (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Školníková, Marie
The aim of this diploma thesis is determination of the influence of deficient nutrition in combination of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth and development. In hydroponic cultivation experiment, tomato variety Darinka was cultivated in solutions without N, P, K, Ca, Mg and in variant with all nutrition (control variant). The dry matter of root and stem was weighed and root length, density and electrical capacitance were set. The content of nutrition in plants was also assessed. The level of infection was determined in 1st term, the highest level had plants with insufficient of Ca and P. High reduction of root and stem dry matter was found in Ca, N, P and Mg deficient plants. The low root electrical capacitance, length and density was determined in plants with Ca, N a P deficiency within infected group and in Ca and N deficient plants within noninfected group. Bacterial infection caused the reduction of all observing parameters in contrast to the plants from noninfected group. The antagonism and synergism between the elements were also showed.
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Vliv stanoviště a kvality výsadby na odrůstání kultur dubu letního
Vaníček, Lukáš
The aim of the thesis is to find out the impact of the forest stand and the quality of the planting on the growth of Quercus Robur L cultures. For this purpose there was found 10 research forest plots at forest habitat types 3K, 4K, 3S, 3C, 3L, 3P situated in LS LČR Jeseník area. In 2014, a bare-root variant of Quercus Robur L seedlings was planted in each research plots using slot planting. In each research area, several parameters and traits of the above-ground part were detected in 100 individuals, and the root system was dug and analyzed in six individuals on each research area. After the end of the vegetation period in 2018, the above-ground part was measured, the following parameters and features were examined: height of the above ground part, height increment, lateral increment, root neck thickness, trunk ripple, trunk deviation the size and color of the assimilation apparatus, the damage of the cultures by biotic and abiotic factors. Root systems have been evaluated for root depth, main root length, incidence of stumbling, absence of stakes or panohs, and p-index value. The results clarify that culture at nutrient and water-enriched habitats have better vitality. The worst results were found by 4K forest type.
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Velikost kořenového systému pšenice seté ve vazbě na výnos biomasy
Němec, Ondřej
The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the size of root system on the grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the literature review, there is a description of the origin and anatomical structure of the root system, the description of the abiotic factors (lack of water, air temperature and mineral nutrition) and their influence on the properties of the root system and also the relationship between the root system size and grain yield of cereals. The second part of the thesis is focused on methods of studying the root system by electrical capacity. The practical part evaluated the size of the root system (RSS) of the selected varieties of wheat sown in the field experiment. The RSS was measured at three growth stages (columning, earing and filling grains) by the method of electric capacity. It was found that there are statistically conclusive differences in the RSS between the varieties of wheat with different baking quality, of which the category B had the largest root system in stem elongation and category C during the grain filling. The influence of the root system size on grain yield was not statistically conclusive, however, the positive correlation between the RSS at the stage of grain filling with grain yield (r=0.433) was detected.
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